A close examination of the spectral lines led to an extension of Bohr’s atomic model, and it was found that four quantum numbers are necessary to characterize the state of an electron in an atom. These are in fact the identification numbers for the electrons. First three quantum number provide the information related to the location of an electron of an atom resides. The four quantum numbers are:
1. Principal quantum numbers(n):
It indicates the energy levels and the distance between the nucleus and the electron and it represent the size and energy of the electron orbit. It is denoted by n which can have non-zero positive integers.
2. Azimuthal or subsidiary quantum numbers (l):
A line of atomic spectrum described by a value of ‘n’ is found to be composed of several closely packed discrete line in better resolving instrument.
3. Magnetic quantum numbers(m):
A hyper line spectrum described by a value of l undergoes splitting to give fine lines in presence of strong magnetic field.
4. Spin quantum numbers (s):
The orbital electron not only revolves around the nucleus, but also rotates about its own axis is known as spin.
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